Women, climate change, and the search for accountability
Gender — Global
As climate litigation gathers force, women are helping to redefine what accountability looks like – and exposing how far climate policy still is from delivering gender justice
Reduced inequalities
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Targets
Indicators
Target
10.1
By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
Indicators
10.1.1
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
Target
10.2
By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
Indicators
10.2.1
Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
Target
10.3
Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
Indicators
10.3.1
Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law
Target
10.4
Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
Indicators
10.4.1
Labour share of GDP
10.4.2
Redistributive impact of fiscal policy2
Target
10.5
Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
Indicators
10.5.1
Financial Soundness Indicators
Target
10.6
Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
Indicators
10.6.1
Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
Target
10.7
Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
Indicators
10.7.1
Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of monthly income earned in country of destination
10.7.2
Proportion of countries with migration policies that facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people
10.7.3
Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination
10.7.4
Proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of origin
Target
10.a
Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
Indicators
10.a.1
Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff
Target
10.b
Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
Indicators
10.b.1
Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
Target
10.c
By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
Indicators
10.c.1
Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted
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Why the UN needs women’s leadership
Gender — Global
The case for a woman Secretary-General is not just about symbolism. More representative leadership would strengthen the UN’s legitimacy, improve decision-making, and better equip the institution for an era of compounding global crises
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The cost of motherhood and the gender pay gap
Gender — Global
Motherhood still comes with a pay penalty, and women continue to be paid less for work of equal value – not by accident, but by design. Tackling these injustices means changing how pay is set and progression is measured and rewarded – through transparency, enforcement, and stronger worker protections
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Why climate technology is a women’s and girls’ issue
Gender — Global, Sub-Saharan Africa
When climate solutions fit local realities, they can restore ecosystems, strengthen food security, reduce vulnerability for women and expand their economic agency
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Trade at a turning point: why COP30’s new climate-trade forum could reshape global action
Climate — Global
With trade measures rising and global warming accelerating, COP30 in Belém, Brazil, introduced a new forum to rebuild trust between climate and trade communities. Its promise – and its challenges – will shape the next phase of global climate cooperation
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The influence of climate change on conflict
Climate — Global
Rising temperatures are inflaming old tensions and creating new fault lines in fragile states. Only integrated, locally led action can build the resilience needed for lasting peace
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Low carbon tipping points
Climate — Global
Renewable energy is surging, costs are falling, and investment is booming. Yet questions remain over whether this momentum marks an irreversible turning point – and how quickly fossil fuels can follow suit
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Malnutrition is undermining development – ending it requires cooperation
Food systems and sustainable agriculture
From stunted growth to rising obesity, malnutrition is costing lives and futures on a massive scale. Lasting progress will only come through stronger partnerships, smarter investment, and action that cuts across sectors
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How carbon markets can deliver climate investment for developing nations
Financing — Global
The Paris Agreement’s long-debated Article 6 is now in place, opening the door to trade in carbon between nations. Could this finally turn carbon trading into a tool for sustainable development as well as decarbonization?
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People’s rights to decide freely about sex, contraception, and parenthood are central to human dignity, economic growth, and gender equality – yet they remain under attack worldwide. Without urgent action to protect and expand these rights, decades of progress risk being undone, with young people bearing the greatest cost
