Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
Proportion of population with access to electricity
Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology
By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption
By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP
By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology
International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems
By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support
Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)
Climate — Global, US and Canada
The phasing out of fossil fuels must be fair to all, including those communities dependent on polluting industries. Yet policies to achieve this ‘just transition’ remain weak and scattered. What must governments do to strengthen them?
Energy — Middle East and Northern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa
What is holding up progress on the transition to carbon neutrality, and what must we do to speed it up?
Energy — Global
This Decade of Action demands a decisive shift from polluting to renewable energy. We need robust political, economic, and technological levers and deeper sectoral collaboration if we’re to bring clean power to all
Climate — Global
Technologies like wind power and photovoltaic solar have advanced from expensive, subsidized, niche technology to wide-scale, commercially competitive solutions. We must learn from this rapid innovation to speed up the next generation of technologies
Energy — Global
What kind of energy storage do we need to fight climate change with renewables?
Gender — Global, Sub-Saharan Africa
When climate solutions fit local realities, they can restore ecosystems, strengthen food security, reduce vulnerability for women and expand their economic agency
Economic development
Europe has not abandoned the Green Deal – its flagship strategy for climate neutrality and shared prosperity – but it risks hollowing it out. As implementation pressures mount, the question is not whether the vision survives on paper, but whether it can still deliver a fair, system-wide transformation aligned with the SDGs
Climate — Global
With trade measures rising and global warming accelerating, COP30 in Belém, Brazil, introduced a new forum to rebuild trust between climate and trade communities. Its promise – and its challenges – will shape the next phase of global climate cooperation
Climate — Global
The world is warming faster than our systems can respond. How can the COP process turn new commitments into action before the window for impact closes?
Climate — Global
Climate change dominates global attention, but the destruction of nature is quietly setting up its own economic shockwave. With COP30 spotlighting the rising economic costs of nature loss, the case for treating it as an urgent financial and development priority has never been clearer
